The rules everyone breaks
Reciprocity: every version must list all versions including itself — one-way tags get ignored. Absolute URLs only, returning 200, never redirected. Codes: language from ISO 639-1 (en, ur, ar), optionally region from ISO 3166 (en-GB, en-US) — "en-UK" is a classic invalid code. And hreflang is a hint that swaps the right version into results for that audience; it is not a translation tool and not a ranking boost — it prevents the wrong-language version from competing with the right one.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is x-default for?
The fallback shown to visitors whose language/region matches none of your versions — usually your global or English page.
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